What is Deep Learning

Deep learning is an algorithm of machine learning that is rapidly gaining traction in surgery and surgical education, especially for its powerful data-driven problem-solving.

Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning (ML) based on multiple layers of artificial neural networks (ANN) to extract features and find patterns from complex, unstructured, and large volumes of data.

Machine learning ML is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that teaches computers to learn and make predictions based on data.

DL teaches computers to process data in a way inspired by the human brain using ANN.

Artificial neural networks (ANN) simulate human nervous systems.

Deep learning or deep neural networks use ANN to model and solve complex problems.

DL is applied in surgery to optimize preoperative planning, intraoperative performance, and postoperative predictions.