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Every claim we publish is checked against the primary source: FDA filings, peer reviewed studies, official filings, not press coverage.
The Surgical Autonomy Ladder
The Framework
Six levels, from simple assistance to independent decision making. Here's where nine real systems actually sit today, and how far the frontier still has to go.
05
04
03
02
01
00
Full Autonomy
No systems available today
High Autonomy
Executes a task, surgeon watches
Conditional Autonomy
Plans a step, surgeon approves
Task Autonomy
Automates one motion, under control
Robot Assistance
Filters and steadies the surgeon's hand
No Autonomy
Direct manual control, no filtering
Deep Dives
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